Chapter 25
Summery
This last chapter was about Cicero’s five canons of persuasion which are invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery. These methods were made for more formal settings but they work amazingly in a less formal environment. These tactics are in a very specific order for a reason because this is how you should order your speeches. First you should come up with what you want to say then decide what order you want to say it in. then determine how you should style your speech to your specific audience and put it down in writing to keep things in order and finally get up and talk to you audience.Another classical outline is introduction, narration,division,proof,refutation,and conclusion. Another technique is named “modest name-dropping” which is where you refer to a respectable source so that the audience understands that you have knowledge and then you subtle ask who are you to question authority. The best bragging hides itself in modestly. Now with anything you have to invented what you are going to say. Now sometimes sitting down and just trying to write a speech can work but sometimes walking outside and just trying to think about what everybody wants and start with yourself. What do you want to happen or inspire because of your speech what is your goal? Next ask if your problem is complex or simple. If it is complex you should break the problem down into smaller issues. If simple just address the problem head on. What you should do next is imagine what your opponent might say. This can help you form your argument if you can combat the problems your opponent might have against you. Next you have to form your argument using ethos, logos, and pathos. This specific order has the best results you need to start by winning over your audience by getting them to like you through your values and your concern for their issues. You must make them identify with you. Now you are ready to apply logos by going into facts and making your case proving your point logically. By the end you will have gotten your audience all charged up and passionate about your issue. Logic rarely makes people do anything so if you can get them passionate about your issue using logic you can really change the state of the argument. One of the more popular tactics is the reluctant conclusion which is where you pretend that you came to your conclusion reluctantly. At the end of your speech you should restart your strongest points and the describe what you want.
Reflection
This chapter was great I loved reading the different ways to form your argument. Cicero is one of my favorite characters and I love using his five canons to form a good argument. It was also very interesting learning about the specific order of ethos, logos, and pathos because they are the basic principles and putting them in this specific order really helped me see how they can be used in full effect. I also looked back on other historically successful speeches and they for the most part follow this platform of invention, arrangement, style, memory,and delivery. I personally like the art of rhetoric because of all the history that is in the subject. I love that this subject has art, history, and public speaking. It is everything that I am looking for in a subject and it is also very intense, anything could happen during a debate. I also like seeing that there is so many different ways to form an argument not only with the new tricks but with the multiple classic ways we can do it. This was an amazing book and I would recommend it to everyone who likes history, art and public speaking. It really touches so many subjects and it does not stand still, it never gets stale.
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